Chapter 3: The Cell

Solve · page 62: 14. Label the parts of these cell diagrams?

To label typical cell diagrams, identify whether the diagram represents a plant cell or an animal cell and mark its major structural parts starting from the outer boundary to the internal organelles.

1. Labeling an Animal Cell (جانوروں کا سیل)

• Cell Membrane (سیل ممبرین): The flexible outer boundary of the cell that controls the movement of substances in and out.
• Cytoplasm (سائٹوپلازم): The jelly-like fluid that fills the space between the membrane and the nucleus, holding all organelles.
• Nucleus (نیوکلیئس): The central spherical structure that controls cell activities; contains the Nucleolus (نیوکلیو لس) and Chromatin (کرومیٹن).
• Mitochondria (مائٹوکونڈریا): Oval powerhouses of the cell responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
• Ribosomes (رائبوسومز): Tiny granular structures involved in protein synthesis.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (اینڈوپلازمک ریٹیکولم): A network of folded membranes divided into Rough ER (studded with ribosomes) and Smooth ER.
• Golgi Complex (گولجی کمپلیکس): Stacked, flattened sacs that modify, package, and transport proteins.
• Lysosomes (لائسوسومز): Sacs containing digestive enzymes to break down materials.
• Centrioles (سینٹریولز): Pair of barrel-shaped structures located near the nucleus that help in cell division.
• Small Vacuoles (چھوٹے ویکیوولز): Multiple small temporary storage sacs for food and water.

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2. Labeling a Plant Cell (پودوں کا سیل)

• Cell Wall (سیل وال): The rigid, non-living outer layer made of cellulose that provides shape and support.
• Cell Membrane (سیل ممبرین): The inner layer located just beneath the cell wall.
• Large Central Vacuole (بڑا مرکزی ویکیوول): A single large central fluid-filled sac that pushes the nucleus to the side and maintains turgor pressure.
• Nucleus (نیوکلیئس): Located near the cell membrane due to the large vacuole.
• Chloroplasts (کلوروپلاسٹس): Green double-membrane organelles containing chlorophyll, which carry out photosynthesis.
• Cytoplasm (سائٹوپلازم): The fluid surrounding the vacuole and organelles.
• Mitochondria (مائٹوکونڈریا): Oval organelles for energy release.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum & Golgi Complex: Interconnected membrane networks and processing channels.

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Key Labeling Difference: Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole, while animal cells have centrioles, lysosomes, and small multiple vacuoles.

Check: Verify your diagram by confirming that the plant cell has a rigid outer cell wall and a pushed-aside nucleus, while the animal cell has a round/irregular shape with a centrally located nucleus.